With all those concrete blocks of flats fitted together.
The windows with striped curtains.
I was born here. And in the south of Italy you are told that in sunny, cloudless days, on the sea, the grey haze you glimpse on the horizon is actually Greece.
And early in the morning you hear ship horns.
In the Mediterranean you might have bells or a muezzin. But you always have horns.
In Bari you walk north, and on your right there is the sea, and on your left the Mediterranean. Country by country. It looks like a stroll: it is rather a cruise.
The waterfront was designed during Fascism, and so it has all these majestic buildings with columns, arches, travertine. Identical to certain buildings of Tirana, for at the time, Tirana was one of our colonies. But then, a little further, it turns into Liberty style, and it turns into France: with theatres, music halls, and all the round tables outdoor as in the bistrots of Paris, on the walls the playbills of the latest shows, and the night life until dawn as in Spain, near a fish market which is like Tunisi. The same voices. The same salty air. Then, from here, you get into the old city. And the old city is all made of white stone. Like the old city of Damascus. With geraniums on windowsills, and everblooming climbing plants, the shutters closed in the quiet of the early afternoon, and like in Aleppo, my very first day, a Sunday, though I did not yet know that in Syria Sunday is Friday, I did not yet know anything, but there was this same silence, when a sniper suddenly opened fire: from a house exactly like these ones: and it all crumbled, he had with him only a picture of his two-year-old, and he fired, he shot a passerby, randomly, and then he waited for a father, for a friend, for a neighbour to rush to the rescue, and then another neighbour, and yet another one, he waited, steadily: and then, all at once, he started really shooting, gunning down everyone, one by one, and any question, he had the same answer, But how do you feel the first time?, you asked, and he showed you the corpse of his daughter, While a man gasps, in your gunsight, what do you think? and what will Syria look like? and only the corpse of his daughter, only the blood spilling out – and this police jeep, now: it looks like Egypt.
While with a green handcart, a young man sells vegetables.
But how many Italians remember this handcart?
Today is January 4.
How did the story go? The sea between the lands. The sea that does not divide. Unites.
The sea that teaches you to always partially share your opponent’s views.
With this undertow that leaves on every shore the trace of all others.
This Mediterranean where we all resemble each other.
I grew up here. Among books on this sea which is not only geography, it is philosophy. It is not just sun, citrus fruits, olive groves: it is rather the Mediterranean of Fernand Braudel, where the Greek and Latin heritages interplay with the Jewish tradition and the Arab world until moulding a unitary entity, but where unity does not stand for uniformity. Stands for inclusivity. With Jerusalem at its heart. With Jerusalem as its symbol, medley of faiths and cultures. And yet then I left. I became a war reporter. In the Middle East. Then, as Marguerite Yourcenar said: Then life threw light on books. And what this queue is, now? In front of the post office. It looks like Jerusalem, true: but it looks like the Wall.
It looks like Qalandia checkpoint.
But how many Italians know who Mohamed Bouazizi is?
Ten years ago today, he passed away after setting himself on fire. Ten years and a million dead on, the last thing I have been told by readers about Syria is: Toppling Qaddafi was the wrong decision. A bit as when you are told: I’ve just read your great book on Afghanistan. And you have not even ever been in Afghanistan.
It was a book on Kosovo.
Ten years and a few meters on, loud music comes from a Volkswagen Golf waiting at a red light, and slowly, Bari starts to turn into Algeria, to turn into outskirts, the thousands outskirts of the Arab Spring as the harbour turns into a concrete slab controlled by the Mafia clans, which trade with their Montenegro’s partners from here. From these docks identical to all the docks of the Balkans: where you have the same sea, the same glassy water, and yet it is a different Croatia – it is the Dubrovnik where my last time it was pouring down: and at ferry terminals, the lines of tourists ran through stuck refugees. With a barefoot kid on the icy tarmac who kept staring at me. Identical to this other kid who is staring me now, in this street where there are not mussels on sale anymore, but baits, rubber dinghies, outboards, orange lifejackets: as in the streets of a different Istanbul, as I walk north, and north, until the end. Until the beltway. And beyond the beltway, there is Enziteto.
The council estates of Enziteto.
With no public transport. No connection to the city.
Nested in these fields dotted with African day labourers.
Beyond its beltway, Bari turns into Libya.
But how many Italians have any clue what day is today?
I have seen Greece on the horizon only once in my life. In Turkey.
I have seen Lesbos island.
Then a fragment of wood from a hull returned to shore.
Con tutte quelle palazzine di cemento chiaro incastrate l’una nell’altra.
Le finestre con le tende a righe.
Sono nata qui. E nel sud Italia si dice che nei giorni di sole e cielo terso, sul mare, quel grigio che sta in fondo all’orizzonte in realtà è la Grecia.
E la mattina senti la sirena delle navi.
Nel Mediterraneo a volte hai le campane, altre il muezzin. Ma la sirena c’è sempre.
Mentre con un carretto di legno verde, un ragazzo vende frutta e verdura.
Ma qui intorno, quanti ricordano questo carretto?
Oggi è il 4 gennaio.
Com’era? Il mare tra le terre. Il mare che non divide. Unisce.
Il mare che insegna a essere sempre un po’ del parere del proprio avversario.
Con questa risacca che lascia su ogni sponda il segno dell’altro.
Questo Mediterraneo in cui ci somigliamo tutti.
Sono cresciuta qui. Tra i libri su questo Mediterraneo che non è solo geografia, è filosofia. Non è solo il sole, gli agrumi, l’ulivo: è il Mediterraneo di Braudel, in cui la tradizione greca e latina interagiscono con la cultura ebraica e il mondo arabo fino a forgiare un’entità unitaria, ma dove unitarietà non significa uniformità. Significa inclusività. Con Gerusalemme al suo centro. Gerusalemme suo simbolo, intarsio di fedi. E però poi sono partita. Sono diventata una corrispondente di guerra. In Medio Oriente. Poi, come scriveva la Yourcenar: Poi la vita mi ha chiarito i libri. E cos’è questa fila, adesso? Davanti le poste. Sembra Gerusalemme, sì: ma sembra il Muro.
Sembra il checkpoint di Qalandia.
Ma qui quanti conoscono Mohamed Bouazizi?
Dieci anni fa esatti, è morto dopo essersi cosparso di benzina e incendiato. Dieci anni e un milione di morti dopo, l’ultima cosa che i lettori mi hanno detto della Siria è: Abbiamo sbagliato a rovesciare Gheddafi. Un po’ come quando ti dicono: Magnifico il tuo libro sull’Afghanistan. E tu in Afghanistan non ci sei neppure mai stato.
Era un libro sul Kosovo.
Dieci anni e pochi metri dopo, da una Golf ferma al semaforo arriva musica a tutto volume, e Bari inizia a farsi Algeria, a farsi periferia, le mille periferie della Primavera Araba mentre il porto diventa la colmata di cemento di Marisabella, spartita tra i clan, che da qui gestiscono gli affari con i loro soci del Montenegro. Da queste banchine identiche a quelle dei porti dei Balcani: in cui c’è lo stesso mare, la stessa acqua trasparente, ma è un’altra Croazia – è la Dubrovnik in cui l’ultima volta pioveva, pioveva a dirotto: e all’imbarco dei traghetti, la fila dei turisti si sgomitolava sottile tra i profughi accampati in attesa. Con un ragazzino scalzo sull’asfalto gelido che mi fissava. Come ora mi fissa quest’altro, identico, in questa strada in cui non si vendono più cozze ripiene, ma gli ami da pesca, i motori dei gommoni, i giubbotti arancioni di salvataggio: come nelle strade di un’altra Istanbul, mentre risalgo ancora verso nord, su, fino alla fine. Fino alla tangenziale. E oltre la tangenziale, c’è Enziteto.
Le case popolari di Enziteto.
Senza neppure un collegamento con il resto della città.
Tra questi campi punteggiati di braccianti africani.
Oltre la tangenziale, Bari si fa Libia.
Ma quanti qui hanno idea di che giorno è oggi?
Ho visto la Grecia in fondo all’orizzonte una volta sola. In Turchia.
Ho visto Lesbos.
Poi un pezzo di scafo è tornato a riva.